Wednesday, December 21, 2005

Want it to last? Draw, don't write

A review of Clifford Connor’s A People History of Science in the New York Times this past weekend has this observation:

A great moment in the history of science was the publication of Andreas Vesalius's anatomy book, De Humani Corporis Fabrica, in 1543. What made the book a triumph wasn't the Latin text Vesalius wrote but the 420 illustrations. He never took the trouble to name the artists he'd hired to draw them. Nobody has ever translated the whole of Vesalius's text into a modern Western language; the illustrations have stayed in print from that year to this.

The review was written by Jonathan Weiner.

Illustrators, even anonymous ones, can have a great impact on their audience – and this is a prime example of just that.

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Sunday, November 27, 2005

Censorship, pure and simple

It is sad, frustrating and infuriating when you see people who should know better acting in ways that are just not very intelligent. That was the case this past week with the high school principal and school superintendent in Oak Ridge, Tenn. The principal confiscated copies of the school newspaper before they could be distributed because she objected to the subject of a couple of the articles in the current issue. She did not point to any errors the articles had made. She simply didn't think her students needed to know about birth control.

More

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Thursday, October 27, 2005

Staying in the background

That's where reporters like to be when they are covering the news. Becoming part of a story inevitably changes the story and destroys the reporter's position as an independent observer. Michael Bamberger, golf writer for Sport Illustrated, found himself in the untenable position of becoming part of the story when he was covering golf phenom Michelle Wie at a golf tournament this weekend. A columnist for the Washington Post says he should not have done what he did; a columnist for the Los Angeles Times says he should have done it earlier. And there might be a third option.

More

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Sunday, October 16, 2005

Miller, New York Times finally open up

Judith Miller and the New York Times have finally published accounts of the controversy that landed Miller in jail for 85 days this summer. A careful reading of them leads you to believe that Miller went to jail because of a misunderstanding between her lawyers and those of Lewis Libby, chief aide to Vice President Dick Chaney.

But there are other questions that the accounts raise. This one, for instance:

Why was Judith Miller parsing the quality (voluntary, not voluntary, etc.) of the release of the confidentiality pledge that she received from her source? Obviously, it wasn't voluntary. Think about it.

Matthew Cooper did not have any problem with whether or not Lewis Libby's release had been "voluntary."

Miller's stance on this question adds an undue burden on a reporter. Reporters are not responsible for the situations sources may find themselves in. And how are they to tell is a release is "voluntary"?

Miller's decision to protect her source was the right one. She had pledged confidentiality, and she needed to honor that. When she was released from that pledge, that should have ended it.

More

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Wednesday, October 05, 2005

The odd odyssey of Judith Miller

New York Times reporter Judith Miller got her Get Out of Jail card last week, but her release wasn't exactly free. She had come to an agreement to testify after being released from her confidentiality obligation by her source. And she has had to endure some pretty stinging criticism from fellow journalists who have questioned her motives. The bigger question -- and one that David Ignatius raises in his column in the Washington Post -- is where were the Times editors in all of this?

More

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Friday, September 23, 2005

Notes: accuracy, wordiness, clichés, etc.

Looking for ideas for lectures or discussions with your classes? JPROF has plenty. For introductory classes in mass media or journalism, you will find lecture notes on the following topics: news, newspapers, books, magazines, radio and television. There are also a variety of discussion starters and notes for some of your other journalism classes, including

• Simple words
• Wordiness
• Clichés
• Verbs of attribution
• Accuracy

There's lots more on JPROF.com. If you can't find what you want, use the search function, or drop us an email and tell us what you need.



Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Friday, September 16, 2005

NOLA.com saves lives

Hurricane Katrina and the flooding of New Orleans has produced many fascinating stories, one of which is chronicled in an Online Journalism Review article by Mark Glaser on NOLA.com, the companion web site of the New Orleans Times-Picayune. It is a "companion web site" because Newhouse Newspapers, which owns the T-P, made the corporate decision a number of years ago to develop web sites as separate entities from their newspapers. It is a system that has drawn much criticism, but in this situation it may have produced at least one advantage. NOLA.com editors had developed an expertise in creating and operating public forums -- something that other newspaper-run web sites have lagged far behind in doing. That expertise is being credited with saving the lives of many people trapped by the flood in New Orleans.

More

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Monday, September 05, 2005

What's wrong with TV news?

The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina has given the 24-hour cable news channels just what they need – lots of pictures and storylines to follow. But the story has also exposed the weaknesses of cable news, and Jack Shafer, media critic for Slate.com, has taken the opportunity to make a list of some of the things he hates the most.

More

Shafer and Howard Kurtz of the Washington Post have written good summaries of how some reporters dropped their cloaks of objectivity and became advocates for the victims during their coverage of Hurricane Katrina last week.

• Shafer, The Rebellion of the Talking Heads
• Kurtz, At Last, Reporters’ Feelings Rise to the Surface



Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Sunday, September 04, 2005

Daily Egyptian hoax

Just a few minutes on the telephone -- that's all it would have taken in 2003 on the part of a reporter for the Daily Egyptian, the student newspaper at Southern Illinois University, to save himself hours of work and some major professional embarrassment for himself and his colleagues two years later. The student newspaper has been the victim of a hoax. It could have been prevented had somebody on the staff followed the simple reporter's dictum: Check it out.

More

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Friday, September 02, 2005

Ben Franklin, printer


Because of several recent excellent biographies and a PBS series, America is being re-educated about the most remarkable of all the Founding Fathers, Benjamin Franklin. The man was many things during his long life: inventor, scientist, civic innovator, diplomat. What he wanted to be known as, however, was "printer." His Apology for Printers, written in 1731, is an eloquent statement of the role printer should play in disseminating information and ideas. It makes excellent reading even today. (The entire apology can be found on this web site.)

More

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Thursday, September 01, 2005

John Roberts, grammarian


He may be a conservative ideologue or a moderate (or even a liberal!) in right-wing clothing, but U.S. Supreme Court nominee John Roberts has been outed as grammarian. An article in the New York Times this week (In Re Grammar, Roberts's Stance is Crystal Clear) says that after a review of thousands of pages of Roberts' briefs and memos, one thing is certain: he is a precise user of the language and demands the same precision of others.

The article describes his obsession as wryly humorous and occasionally sarcastic. Grammarians everywhere (conservative, moderate and liberal) can take comfort. More




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Tuesday, August 16, 2005

The Digital Divide still lives

Going rural more than likely means going dial-up. That's what Steven Levy, technology columnist for Newsweek magazine, found this summer when he took some time off in the Berkshires. (I found the same thing when I retreated to the farm in East Tennessee.) High speed Internet access was not available, and that's a problem -- not just for us geeks.

More

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Off again, on again

The general manager of the public radio station in Lexington, Ky., caused a minor flap late last week by announcing that he was pulling Garrison Keillor’s Writer’s Almanac off WUKY. Tom Godell expressed some dismay at the language that was cropping up in some of the poems that Keillor had read on the program and fear that his station would be fined by the Federal Communications Commission. Keillor was certainly no Howard Stern, Godell said, but “the FCC has been so inconsistent, we don’t know where we stand.”

That was Friday. By Saturday Keillor was back. The station received so many phone calls and emails from its listeners that Godell was forced to relent. One of those who protested was Leonard Press, the founder and long-time director of Kentucky Educational Television who called the cancellation "an overreaction" and said, "This is a man who is one of the premier writers and performers of our time. I think he's generally recognized for his tastefulness." according to a report in the Cincinnati Post. (See also report in the Lexington Herald Leader.) Godell said he decided to cancel the show after an increasing number of “language advisories” had been sent to produces. Such advisories alert stations to the possibilities of language that might not be suitable to all audiences. In this case, there were references to the female breast and in one poem to getting “high.” While many (including Keillor) are castigating Godell for his decision, we might want to examine whether or not the FCC has created a climate where such fears are legitimate. The heavy-handedness of the FCC should be remembered along with the names of Janet Jackson and Howard Stern.



Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Monday, August 15, 2005

Changing context: Burn, baby, burn!

The 1960s seem to be always with us. Rarely do you hear or see a television ad that doesn't have some sixties rock hit as its theme or background music. Now there's going to be a hot sauce that uses a phrase that was anything but benign in that decade: Burn, baby, burn. For those of us who lived through the sixties, the phrase conjures up images of Watts, Detroit and a dozen other places whose conflagrations had deep political meanings. Leonard Pitts, a Pulitzer Prize winning columnist for the Miami Herald, has written an elegant piece about the way the context of this phrase has changed.

Your first thought is to wonder what's next. Power to the People Electric Company? Off the Pig pork rinds?

Your second thought is to marvel at how that which was once dangerous and intimidating has become safe and unthreatening enough to sit on a supermarket shelf. Maybe you remember the title of that old Doobie Brothers album: What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits. To that you can now add a corollary: What were once threats are now marketing slogans.




Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Saturday, August 13, 2005

Invisible writing

One of the best mystery novelists around today is William G. Tapply, creator of the Brady Coyne mystery series. Tapply's novels live up to the cover blurbs -- well-formed characters, tightly woven plots and elegant writing. Tapply practices what many of us who teach writing often preach, and he gives voice to some of those practices in an essay on his web site called "Invisible Writing." The essay tells the story of what Tapply learned from his father -- also an excellent writer -- when he was beginning his craft. The essay emphasizes two major points I make with my students: pay attention to verbs (read more on this) and try to make your writing invisible to the reader. The term I use for the second point is "modesty." A good writer should try to put the content in the foreground and the writer in the background. Tapply's essay and his novels are well worth reading.



Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Expensive misspelling

Tell your students (as you undoubtedly do) that they need to spell correctly and that they should check their spelling. Not doing so can turn out to be an expensive proposition. That's what the folks in Livermore, Calif., found out in 2004 when they spent $40,000 for a mosaic for their new library. The artwork contained 175 words, many of them names of writers, scientists and artists. Some 11 of those words were misspelled. They included Shakespeare (Shakespere), Einstein (Eistein), and Gauguin (Gaugan). The Miami artist who executed the work at first claimed artistic license (maybe some of your students have used the same excuse) but later said she would fix the problem words. Unfortunately, the city of Livermore is having to pay her $6,000 plus expenses to do that. California law requires that public artwork cannot be changed without the consent of the artist. Some people are blaming city and library officials as well as the artist, saying they should have checked the spelling before approving the artwork. You can read more about this in the news stories of the San Francisco Chronicle and the Contra Costa Times (registration required).


Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

John H. Johnson

John H. Johnson. The nation lost one of its media pioneers on Monday, Aug. 8, 2005, with the death of John H. Johnson. He was the Chicago entrepaneur and publisher who recognized that blacks aspired to be better off and have more -- and that they were gaining the ability to pay for it. His magazines, including Negro Digest, Ebony and Jet, gave voice to a rising black middle class that emerged from World War II. It was a time when blacks were often degraded or more commonly ignored by white owned and operated media. But Johnson saw the rise of of black artists, athletes and actors as indicative of what all blacks aspired to -- making life better for themselves and their children. Johnson's death has been overshadowed by that of ABC news anchor Peter Jennings, which is too bad. Johnson's effect on the mass media of the 20th century, and on American society itself, has been profound.

More

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Contracting the First Amendment

One of the ideas this JPROF.com advocates -- in addition to good journalism and good journalistic practices -- is expanding the First Amendment. Unfortunately, there are too many people and organizations trying to do just the opposite. A recent example comes from a judge in Washington state who thinks that controlling campaign finances is more important than political advocacy and free speech.

More

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Newspaper of the future

The New York Times devoted a great deal of space in its business section last month to a profile of the newspaper in Lawrence, Kan. The paper is devoting many resources to building an innovative set of web sites -- innovation that is a part of the newspaper's history and tradition. The Times article provoked online media guru and newspaper critic Vin Crosbie to identify six trends that newspapers should use in planning their future: multimedia, unlimited depth, depackaging, on-demand content, individualization, and mobility and ubiquity.

More

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Communities of interest

The ideal sounds great: a group of people who share an interest in a topic are able to exchange information and ideas about it over the internet. Time and geography are overcome. Such communities of interest would be informative, respectful and self-regulating. That was what I described in Web Journalism: Practice and Promise of a New Medium several years ago. But Michael Kinsley's recent experience (described in his weekly column "Cybercreeps run amok") has had a very different experience. So have I.

More

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New images of the Scopes trial

The trial of high school teacher John Scopes in Dayton, Tenn., 80 years ago this month remains one of the 20th century's iconic events. It drew vast media attention and pitted cultural forces against one another that are still at war today. This week, to coincide with the 80th anniversary of the Scopes trial, the Smithsonian Institution announced that it had discovered new images of the trial that had been hidden away for many years. One such image (right) shows Clarence Darrow questioning William Jennings Bryan at the trial. The courtroom had been moved outside of the Rhea County courthouse because of the sweltering heat and the large crowds who had come to see the confrontation

More

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Sixth edition in print

The sixth edition of Writing for the Mass Media is now in print and available for fall adoptions. This edition contains much of the same material and exercises found in previous editions, but there are a few new features: a completely rewritten chapter on writing for the web, updated examples and exercises, a glossary, and a new web site that ties in closely with JPROF.com. Instructors can order exam copies at the book's page on the Allyn and Bacon web site.

More

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Tuesday, May 31, 2005

Clearing his Deep Throat

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Friday, May 27, 2005

A high school journalist, undercover

David McSwane wanted to do "something cool." What he did wound up shutting the entire U.S. Army's recruiting effort down for a day. McSwane is a senior at Arvada West High School in Colorado; he's an honors student there and editor of high school newspaper, The Westwind. When he heard that the Army was failing to meet its recruiting goals because of the unpopularity of the war in Iraq, he decided to find out just how far the service would go to sign someone up. That's when things started to get interesting.

More

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Another review for Web Journalism

My friend and colleague Herb Thompson (a great American) has done it again. He has written another very nice review of one of my books, Web Journalism. This one appears on SecondaryEnglish.com, a web site geared for teachers of high school English. (Herb had also written a review of Journalism: Who, What, When, Where, Why and How for the same web site and had included an interview with me along with the review.) "Anyone interested in writing and communicating through this new medium would benefit from reading this book, and I highly recommend it," Herb says.

More about Web Journalism: Practice and Promise of a New Medium


Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Wednesday, May 25, 2005

The Numbers Guy

Numbers are funny things -- especially for journalists.

They sound so definite and authoritative. Numbers represent facts in a seemingly indisputable way. They are easy to use and easy to understand.

But numbers should always be checked for context and source. One journalist who regularly examines the source and context of numbers is Carl Bailik, a Wall Street Journal reporter who writes a column called The Numbers Guy. This column is one of the free features of the Wall Street Journal web site, and those interested in good reporting should check it regularly.

More

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Women as news sources

Women do not make it into news stories as sources as much as men do. That is the basic finding of a new study conducted by the Project for Excellence in Journalism and funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts.

The basic finding is probably not surprising, but what is impressive and important is how widespread and consistent is the tendency of journalists to use men rather than women as sources of information. The study looked at 16,000 news stories in 45 different news outlets. Researchers coded the gender of the sources quoted in the stories and found that “men are relied on as sources in the news more than twice as often as women.”

This is the case despite the fact that news organizations have made efforts to get more women into the ranks of reporters and editors and women are taking more active roles in business and public life. “The numbers suggest that the representation of women as sources in the news has a significant distance to go towards reflecting their role in American society generally,” the study says.

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Red light and green light ethics

Most discussions of journalistic ethics, according to a recent article by Roy Peter Clark of the Poynter Institute, stem from an examination of the mistakes that journalists have made.

These discussions are likely to result in what he calls �red light ethics� - rules that tell the journalist to stop, be cautious, be careful, and when in doubt, back off. Clark argues instead for a set of �green light ethics� that encourages journalists to be bold, brave and find ways to tell the truth rather than to keep it hidden.

The kind of ethical approach that Clark describes is exemplified by the way the Spokane Spokesman-Review exposed the nefarious behavior of its mayor. It is also the kind that would attract young people into the profession.

More

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

NYT to begin charging

The New York Times announced this week that in September it would begin charging for part of its website content. While much of the NYTimes.com site would remain free to registered users, the Times will begin offering its columnists and opinion section to viewers for $49.95 a year.

Subscribers to this service, TimesSelect, will also get an “early look” at certain feature articles. But, most importantly, subscribers will have access to the Times archive, which heretofore has not been available except on a payment-per-article basis. Subscribers to the print edition of the Times will automatically have access to the TimesSelect service.

Steve Outing, editor of E-Media Tidbits on Poynter.org, has described the overall strategy as sound but has criticized the Times for putting its opinion section behind this wall. He predicts that the Times may not be able to sustain this.

Steve Yelvington, another contributor to E-Media Tidbits, has noted the petulancy of bloggers to this announcement but points out that including print subscribers automatically in this service seems to be the point. “By giving TimesSelect access to existing print subscribers, the New York Times clearly is undertaking a defensive maneuver targeted at shoring up the daily newspaper's circulation against defections to the Internet,” he says.

Whether or not the Times is successful with this move will be a signal to other newspapers as to what they might try in charging for their content.

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Mitch Albom's 'essentially accurate' standard

Abraham Lincoln began the Gettysburg Address with the words, "About a century ago, the dudes that started it all . . ."

Well, ok.

Those weren't exactly the words, but they are "essentially accurate." That's the standard that Detroit Free Press sportswriter Mitch Albom imposed upon himself in handling direct quotations for his column. Apparently, some of the editors at the newspaper were willing to live with that standard, too.

But that is not the standard that those of us who teach journalism want to pass on to our students. What we want is for our students to be meticulous in their pursuit of accuracy.More.

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

The question of deception

When the Spokane Spokesman-Review recently exposed nefarious behavior on the part of Spokane's mayor, the newspaper used some deception in its reporting. The reaction of many editors would lead you to believe that "Thou shalt never deceive" is one of the most sacred of Journalist Commandments. But it's not. Deception isn't always a good idea, but it has a good history and support from one of the profession's major codes of ethics. More.

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation and Dicton exam

When I taught at the University of Alabama, I would give a 100-question grammar, spelling, punctuation and diction exam to beginning writing students. The test was a difficult one, but students had to make at least a 75 on the exam to pass the beginning writing course offered by the College of Communication and Information Sciences. That exam is not available on JPROF.com, but the study guide developed for it is. This is an excellent primer on the basic grammar and spelling rules and concepts that a student should know.

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Web Journalism goes Chinese

Word came yesterday from publisher Allyn and Bacon that Web Journalism: Practice and Promise of a New Medium will be published in Chinese. The book has been in print for about a year and a half now and has been adopted as a text by more than 40 colleges and universities around the country. The Chinese publisher is Wunan Books of Taiwan, which describes itself as "Taiwan's leading publisher in the social sciences and humanities."

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Ethical lapses

This spring has seen a spate of ethical lapses by journalists, so it might not be evident that our ethical standards have actually gone up during the past 20 years. Yet, this is probably the case.

More

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Thursday, March 17, 2005

More on women opinion writers

Mike Peterson, educational services director of the Post-Star in Glens Falls, N.Y., responded to JPROF's earlier posting concerning the dearth of women opinion writers and why women may be less comfortable than men in slinging their opinions around. He makes several good points worth considering and has a word of criticism about Maureen Dowd's logic.

This issue has sparked some varied discussion lately. A good roundup of the current debate can be found in Dahlia Lithwick’s article “Girl Fight: The marginalized debate over women opinion writers” on Slate.com. Lithwick, a senior editor at Slate, says most of the comments about this have come from women themselves. Few men are taking part:

And so a clutch of women are left on the pink margins of the page, to wring our hands and, well, discuss among ourselves. The subtext will thus remain that anyone choosing to speak out on this is somehow hysterical or overemotional; that this is not a "serious" problem since serious people (i.e., men) aren't addressing it. All of which practically guarantees that nothing will be done about defining, measuring, or redressing the issue in the long term. Claims that no man wants to step on the landmine of political correctness, gender stereotyping, and identity politics should not justify bowing out of the conversation. Maureen Dowd, Deborah Tannen, and Anne Applebaum are smart, serious people. They have taken the time to initiate a conversation. They deserve serious responses from men and women alike.

She’s right. Men should join in – as Mike Peterson has done. Here's Peterson’s entire response.More

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Saturday, March 12, 2005

Not enough women opinion writers

There aren't enough women opinion writers -- or at least not enough of them make it onto the pages of America's newspapers.

That's the issue, not what Susan Estrich thinks about Michael Kinsley or how he has responded to her, entertaining as all that might be.

That dustup between a couple of high-profile Harvard grads has used up some ink lately, if for no other reason that its escalating nastiness. Here's the essence of it as recounted in a Los Angeles Times article by James Rainey this week. Estrich is a law professor at Southern California, the campaign manager for Michael Dukakis' 1988 presidential campaign, and a syndicated columnist. Kinsley is the former editor of Slate.com, a former host of CNN's Crossfire, and currently the editorial page editor of the Los Angelese Times.

And both are adults. More

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Thursday, March 10, 2005

A simple rule

A picture ought to show what the camera and photographer saw. It's the essence of truth-telling. It's the basis of journalism.

Yet, it's happened again. A prominent photo has been found to be a lie. It isn't what the camera or the photographer saw. It was changed beyond recognition, tampered with, made into a "photo illustration" -- a euphemism, in this case, for "a lie."

And it didn't just happen in some podunk place where journalism is a joke. It happened in a national publication where the editors have had years of professional experience. More on this at JPROF.com.

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.

Dan Rather, reporter

Dan Rather has ended 24 years in the anchor's chair at CBS News, a remarkable fact in a couple of ways. When Rather succeeded Walter Cronkite, there were more than a few office pools on how long he could last. Few people were as respected by the public as Cronkite, and the fiesty and passionate Rather was not given much of a chance at taking his place. Rather didn't take his place. Instead, through his good journalism and the force of his personality, he carved out a place of his own.

Another of the remarkable facts about all of this is that in the history of CBS News, there have only been three permanent anchors -- Cronkite, Rather and Douglas Edwards.

For all his years as anchor, however, Rather did not take to that job. He was always a reporter first. He was on the scene, not sitting at the anchor's desk, for most of the biggest stories of the last two generations -- Vietnam, the Kennedy assassination, the Civil Rights movement, Nixon's presidency and resignation, Iran-contra, and on and on. Rather's passion to report a story has never left him. Television -- and the world -- would be a better place if there were fewer of the babblerati and more journalists like Dan Rather.

CBSNews.com has a large section of material -- texts, pictures, video, etc. -- recounting Rather's career.

Read more about journalism and issues facing the profession at JPROF.com.